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";s:4:"text";s:7011:"Racial profiling – Police targeting of racial minorities as potential suspects of criminal activities. Having similar or equal results among individuals within a society; often contrasted with equality of opportunity. Key Takeaways: American Political Ideologies and Beliefs. Following from this principle, a government established by the free choice of its people is required to serve the people, who in the end have sovereignty, or supreme power, to keep or overthrow that government. The core American values of individualism, equality of opportunity, free enterprise, rule of law, and limited government play a key role in shaping the political attitudes and beliefs of individuals and American political culture as a whole. In 1762, Rousseau wrote "The Social Contract, Or Principles of Political Right," in which he explained that government is based on the idea of popular sovereignty. The idea of the social contract had a huge impact on the American Founding Fathers, especially Thomas Jefferson (1743–1826) and James Madison (1751–1836). Check out our full American Political Ideologies and Beliefs Notes! The belief that each person should have an equal chance at success and that no person should be limited by circumstances outside of her control. What Is a Constitutionally Limited Government? The U.S. Constitution starts with the three words, "We the people...," embodying this idea of popular sovereignty in the very beginning of this key document. The government will have a number of roles, possibly at different levels, in managing the contract. Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world. COVID-19 Updates Search warrant – A writ issued by a magistrate that authorizes the police to search a particular place or person, specifying the place to be searched and the objects to be seized. If the jury believes there is sufficient evidence that a crime was committed, it issues an indictment. The Indian and Native American Employment Rights Program (INAERP) advances awareness of employment rights and job opportunities for American Indians and Alaska Natives who work for or seek employment with companies doing business with the federal government. Fluctuations in political beliefs that can occur as a result of life events that commonly occur at particular points in a typical lifespan. The ability of individual people and businesses to make money with minimal interference by the government. In effect, the loss of rights was the price of the protection they sought. Double jeopardy – Trial or punishment for the same crime by the same government; forbidden by the Constitution. However, it was English philosopher Thomas Hobbes (1588–1679) who expanded on the idea when he wrote "Leviathan," his philosophical response to the English Civil War. Plea bargain – Agreement between a prosecutor and a defendant that the defendant will plead guilty to a lesser offense to avoid having to stand trial for more serious offense. The idea of the social contract is one of the foundations of the American political system. The belief that political officials and institutions should have significant constraints on their power. The essence of this idea is that the will of the people as a whole gives power and direction to the state. Chapter 4: Political Culture and Ideology, Chapter 5: The American Political Landscape, Chapter 8: Public Opinion, Participation, And Voting, Chapter 10: The Media and American Politics, Chapter 13: The Federal Administrative System, Chapter 16: Rights to Life, Liberty, and Property, Chapter 18: Making Economic and Regulatory Policy, Chapter 20: Making Foreign and Defense Policy. The Republican Party is the more conservative of the two major parties and tends to favor limited government and protections for civil liberties and economic freedom. Formal or informal groups of people who share similar characteristics and a common sense of identity. Social contract, in political philosophy, an actual or hypothetical compact, or agreement, between the ruled and their rulers, defining the rights and duties of each. Nice work! Petit jury – A jury of 6 to 12 persons that determines guilt or innocence in a civil or criminal action. Nelson Mandela. Regulatory taking – Government regulation of property so extensive that government is deemed to have taken the property by the power of eminent domain, for which it must compensate the property owners. Police powers – Inherent powers of state governments to pass laws to protect the public health, safety, and welfare; the national government has no directly granted police powers but accomplishes the same goals through other delegated powers. Revolutionary-era Americans favored social contract theory over the British Tory concepts of patriarchal government and looked to the social contract as support for the rebellion. Property rights – The rights of an individual to own, use, rent, invest in, buy, and sell property. Other factors that influence the development of political opinions include family, school, peer groups, media, social groups, historical events, and personal experience. His famous summation of life in "nature" (before government) is that it was "nasty, brutish, and short.". As with many philosophical ideas behind the political theory, the social contract has inspired various forms and interpretations and has been evoked by many different groups throughout American history. Contract clause – Clause of the Constitution (Article I, Section 10) originally intended to prohibit state governments from modifying contracts made between individuals; for a while interpreted as prohibiting state governments from taking actions that adversely affect property rights; no longer interpreted so broadly and no longer constrains state governments from exercising their police powers. Instead, those who were the strongest could take control and use their power over others at any time. The term "social contract" can be found as far back as the writings of the 4th-5th century BCE Greek philosopher Plato. Locke further argued that if a government no longer protects each individual's right, then revolution is not just a right but an obligation. A social and political philosophy that promotes individual well-being over the well-being of society as a whole. Definition and Examples, What Is Classical Liberalism? Procedural due process – Constitutional requirement that governments proceed by proper methods; limits how government may exercise power. INAERP accomplishes this mission through compliance assistance and outreach to federal contractors and coordination with … Revolutionary-era Americans favored social contract theory over the British Tory concepts of patriarchal government and looked to the social contract as support for the rebellion. The process to register as a federal contractor is more straight-forward than most people think. The process by which people form their political attitudes and beliefs. 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